In absence of nexus between criminal activity & property acquired PMLA provisions cannot be invoked
From a reading of Section 2(u) of the PML Act which defines the expression “proceeds of crime”, it is limpid that the profit derived or obtained must be a result of a criminal activity which relates to a schedule offence. Even if we take the allegations in the FIR in Cr.No.123 of 2008 as gospel truth and that Viswanathan (A.1) had committed a criminal activity of obtaining an Indian passport and has thereby committed an offence under Section 420 IPC, there is no scope for him to obtain or derive any property as a result of the said criminal activity. To put it more plainly, Viswanathan (A.1) represented to the passport authorities that he is an Indian citizen and obtained passport suppressing the fact that he is a Sri Lankan citizen. This, by itself, has not generated any property at all for his case to fall within the net of Section 2(u) of the PML Act. To say that had he disclosed to the Government of India at the time of export that he was a Sri Lankan citizen, then, he would not have been given the DEPB credit facility, etc., is an argument predicated on speculation. To cap it all, as stated above, the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence had found only irregularities in the exports and had not launched a criminal prosecution against the petitioners. Even the adjudication order that was passed by the Commissioner of Customs has been set aside in appeal by the CESTAT.
Now, let us take a hypothetical case. An illegal immigrant from Bangladesh enters Kolkata; obtains Aadhaar card and ration card from the authorities concerned by projecting himself as a local Muslim; carries on a lawful business and earns by working hard; pays income tax, GST, etc. and buys properties. Can the properties purchased by him be categorised as proceeds of crime on the ground that subsequently, an FIR is registered against him under Section 420 IPC, provisions of the Passports Act and Foreigners Act on the ground that he is not an Indian citizen? The answer to this question is an emphatic ‘No’, for, there should be a nexus between the criminal activity and the property acquired therefrom. In the absence of this nexus, the provisions of the PML Act cannot be invoked. – [R. Viswanathan v. Assistant Director Directorate of Enforcement Date of Judgement : 04.02.2021 (Mad.)]